The Rate Of Ptsd Different Among Men And Women Returning...

Analyzing Dissonance in Similar Research: Is the Rate of PTSD Different Among Men and Women Returning from Iraq and Afghanistan? Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a concern for many Americans, especially soldiers. The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs reports that 11-20% of military personnel who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan struggle with PTSD (PTSD: National Center for PTSD). Thankfully, extensive time, effort, and money go into researching the disorder so that psychologists, psychiatrists, and doctors can provide their patients proper treatment. Today, one branch of this research focuses specifically on whether gender plays a role in the development of symptoms. The number of and roles for women in the military continue†¦show more content†¦Ultimately, a breakdown of their approaches reveals a superior article: the latter by Jacobson et al. With funding from the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs and the National Institute of Health, Haskell et al. set out to contribute to a growing body of research on gender differences. They obtained 1129 electronic medical records (1032 men, 197 women) from the VA Connecticut Health Care System where veterans are screened annually for PTSD. Because these data came in the form of text, Haskell et al. used a text processor to parse through the doctors’ notes and determine whether a patient had tested positive for PTSD. To assure the text processor was accurate, they randomly sampled 25 medical records for both men and women and compared the text processor’s results with a manual chart review. They confirmed significant agreement between the automated and manual reviews using a kappa test, which determines whether two operations doing the same thing do it equally well. A significant p-value for this test confirms that the automated chart review is as effective as the manua l one. After these data were prepared, they performed chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses to assess differences between genders and the role gender plays in the development of PTSD. Of the women, 22% screened positive for PTSD, and for men, 33% did. The chi-square test returned a p-value of 0.002, meaning the rates were significantly different. Taking it one stepShow MoreRelatedPtsd And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1216 Words   |  5 PagesPTSD or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a growing concern with our returning soldiers. As technology is advancing, battles are becoming more and more gruesome. The scars from defending your country are not only physical. Some scars may not be visible, but are even more dangerous. The trauma imbedded in these men and women’s heads will cause pain for them and their entire family. The dictionary definition of PTSD is a serious condition that can develop after a person has experienced or witnessedRead MoreAftercare for U.S. Veterans1348 Words   |  6 PagesS. Veterans: How do we repay them? â€Æ' Every day a man comes home from war. Most having left their families as boys or young men trained in tactics and combat but never being trained effectively on stress management or the dangers of PTSD. Going into war soldiers are instructed to choke it down and bury it deep. Once introduced back into civilian life, where emotions are acceptable and tactics are not the answer, how do these men survive? How do they learn to cope? And most importantly how does theRead More Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans Essay2315 Words   |  10 Pagesveterans are not able to leave the horrors of war on the battlefield (â€Å"Forever at War: Veterans Everyday Battles with PTSD† 1). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the reason why these courageous military service members cannot live a normal life when they are discharged. One out of every five military service members on combat tours—about 300,000 so far—return home with symptoms of PTSD or major depression. Acc ording to the Rand Study, almost half of these cases go untreated because of the disgraceRead MoreVeterans Are Winning The War Of Afghanistan, Losing The Battle At Home1694 Words   |  7 PagesVeterans are winning the war in Afghanistan but, losing the battle at home. Many veterans result from some kind of damage, with mental disability being the most common, because mental and emotional encumbrance comes home with the veterans when they return from war. Many of these affected veterans sign up for an eternal waiting list that does not assure them with the necessary financial help. Leaving them with little or no help, and without the help the veterans integrate the problems into theirRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Military5865 Words   |  24 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper analyzes the cost/benefit of long-term care of Soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan and the constraints the Department of Veterans Affairs faces in trying to meet the needs of these Soldiers. This paper uses data collected from government sources like the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Veterans Benefit Administration. The conclusions of the analysis are that: (a) The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is already overwhelmed by the number ofRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1539 Words   |  7 PagesWhen a man or a women returns from a combat deployment overseas they come and everyone is happy to see them, and this has been happening since the war in Iraq and Afghanistan wars started. But what they don’t realize is that that man or woman may not be so happy to be home but they don’t quite understand why. After past wars such as World War I this type of thing was called war fatigue and they were told they were fine. But this isn’t the cause in many men and women returning home from today’s warsRead MoreThe Disgrace of Veteran Homelessness Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe military has been instrumental in the protection and development of U.S interests around the world. From the Revolutionary War, which established the United States as a nation, through the World Wars, which set up the U.S as one of the world super powers, to its current war on terror, the military has helped and protected U.S. interests around the world. During all these wars American soldiers have proudly served their country. Because of these wars America is famous throughout the world forRead MoreThe Effects Of Reintegration As A Factor Influencing Suicide Rates Among Veterans1035 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION (WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?) Returning home after periods of service on active duty, in any capacity, is something for veterans to look forward to, and so many veterans do well after service, but a large number seem to face service-related challenges, as do not receive the care and services required for successful transition to civilian life. [1][6] The stress that comes with attempting to reintegrate into civilian society is only one of many that contributes to suicidal ideation, soRead MoreVeterans Adapting to Civilian Life1226 Words   |  5 Pagesprobes three articles of various scholars in the field of media writing, nutrition, and psychology, using an analytical method, this essay examines the rhetorical appeals of scholarly reports that identify issues that affect veterans as they transit from military life to civilian life. For the purpose of this paper, three stories are considered: â€Å"War s Aftermath: Easing the Return to Civilian Life† by Sara Frueh and Christine Stencel; â€Å"Ex-se rvice personnel struggle to cope with civilian life† by RadhikaRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1584 Words   |  7 PagesPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious illness among the men in our military. Gates et al. (2012) defines PTSD as, a psychiatric condition that is experienced by a subset of individuals after exposure to an event that involved life threat and elicited feelings of fear, helplessness, and/or horror in the individual (p.361). In some environments, this is a daily occurrence for many members of the military, but more specifically the significant impact it has on the groups of men that conduct patrols

Themes in Othello Essays - 994 Words

Themes in Shakespeares Othello Throughout Shakespeares play, Othello, there are many themes interwoven to describe the authors perspective of the true nature of a mans soul. Three themes critical to the play are doubt versus trust, monstrous imagery and the fallible love of man. One central theme of the play is the major contrast of doubt versus trust. For whatever reason, Othellos trust of Desdemona is too weak to resist Iagos accusations. As happens in many of Shakespeares works, miscommunication and mistrust lead to prepostrous conclusions (1. 3. 323). Othellos heart tells him that Desdemona loves him; however the critical Iago can dismantle Othellos trust in his wife by planting seeds doubt through what appears to†¦show more content†¦3. 241). Othello fails to see that honor cannot be subject to empirical proof. Shakespeares exploration of the concept of jealousy leads to the theme of the human minds predisposition to favor the monstrous. Monsters of the human psyche are self-generating, even without the prodding of an evil manipulator such as Iago. He feeds this compulsion by encouraging Othello to behold, in his minds eye, his wife being topped by Cassio (3. 3. 412). When jealousy is labeled as a monster in the play, it is used to suggest how one can be overtaken by a passion. Iago defines jealousy as the green-eyed monster, which doth mock the meat it feeds on (3. 3. 179-80), a foul parasite that torments its host. When Emilia explains jealousy to be a monster begot upon itself, born on itself (3. 4. 157), she underscores its self-generating nature. Jealous souls do not need real events to fuel their suspicions because, Emilia explains, they are not ever jealous for the cause (3. 4. 154-55). When Cassio is demoted for drunkenness, he laments that humans transform ourselves into beasts through alcohol that also provides joy, pleasance, revel (2. 3. 257-58). And for Othello, consuming jealousy transforms him into a violent predator that performs the monstrous act, as Montano describes it, of murdering Desdemona (5. 2. 197). Iago serves as a catalyst to carry out this monstrousShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Jealousy In Othello962 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare often has common themes throughout all of his poems which include love, death, and betrayal. When talking about Othello, all of these major themes are presented. Although, the major theme is jealousy. Throughout the play, jealousy is shown in each character in some way and drives the decisions that they make. The beginning starts with Rodrigo being covetous of Othello for being with Desdemona, and at the end where Othello is envious because he believes Desdemona is having an affair withRead MoreTheme Of Manipulation In Othello806 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents, Shakespeare’s great tragedy ‘Othello’ sparks an interest in the audience as it represents the destructive nature that manipulation, deception and jealousy has on personal relationships. Focusing on Act 1 Scene 1 we will explore the catalytic natures of manipulation, deception jealousy, as well as the overall significance the scene harbours as the crux of the play, representing many ideas foreshadowing of what is to come throughout the rest of ‘Othello’. Shakespeare sets the scene on theRead MoreTheme Of Manipulation In Othello939 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Othello by William Shakespeare, revenge and manipulation plays a major role. The manipulator is Iago and the fool is Roderigo. Throughout the play Iago takes advantage of many people but Roderigo is the most used. This essay will describe explain manipulation, persuasion, and deception between alliances. Read MoreThe Theme Of Honesty In Othello757 Words   |  4 Pages Honesty is a concept that is constantly used in The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice, although used for the wrong people. The theme of appearance vs. reality in this certain play is easily confused due to the deception of honesty, frequently because of Iago. The notions of loyalty/dishonesty as well as love/lust, rich/poor, and witty/dumb are also used as a dramatic irony to help the drama progress. The characters in the play used cunning tactics to achieve their ultimate goal, whether itRead MoreThemes In Othello Essay2144 Words   |  9 Pagesalso be found as a link on the â€Å"Othello Song† document in the class folder. Centre Square Assignment 1. Themes in Othello Love - Othello says, â€Å"For know Iago, // But that I love the gentle Desdemona, // I would not my unhoused free condition // Put into circumscription and confine // For the sea’s worth.†(Shakespeare, I.ii.24-27) This quote supports the theme of love found in the play Othello by William Shakespeare. This can be seen in how invested Othello seems to be emotionally when speakingRead More Othello: Themes Essay1946 Words   |  8 PagesOthello: Themes  Ã‚        Ã‚   How many themes course through the Shakespearean tragedy Othello? Let us in this essay analyze the variety and depth of the themes in this play.    Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes indicates that hate is the theme on which this play opens:    It is then on a theme of hate that the play opens. It is a hate of inveterate anger. It is a hate that is bound up with envy. Othello has preferred to be his lieutenant a military theorist, one MichaelRead MoreTheme Of Cruelty In Othello720 Words   |  3 Pagesmotivation or a major social or political factor. In the play Othello by Shakespeare cruelty functions as a crucial motivation, creating a theme of being careful with who can be trusted because, you never know if they’re telling the whole truth. Throughout the play, diction, dramatic irony, and characterization were used to further emphasis the theme. The characterization of Othello contributes to theme in many different ways. Othello is someone who everyone seemed to trust. â€Å"This only is the witchcraftRead MoreTheme Of Manipulation In Othello826 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeares play, Othello, jealousy and manipulation is a common recurring theme. This is apparent with the characters that resonate jealousy and/or manipulation. Bianca, a Cyprian courtesan is one example of these characters. With a total of fifteen lines, Bianca is indeed a minor part of the plot, however, her role in the play holds a certain significance that makes her one of the most impactful characters in the play. Bianca is introduced in the play with an encounter with Cassio, the manRead MoreTheme Of Manipulation In Othello1210 Words   |  5 Pages The play, Othello, written by William Shakespeare is full of betrayal, death, and manipulation. It is a tragic play which follows the theme Shakespeare carries throughout most of his plays. Othello is a play about love and death and everything in between. Eric Iliff summarizes, â€Å"Othello is essentially a play about human nature and its ability to turn against itself, and a man whose inability to obtain self-awareness drives him towards an evil act that destroys not only his earthly salvation, butRead MoreTheme Of Feminism In Othello1006 Words   |  5 Pagesa story’s message. Whether it be greed, lust, or betrayal, Shakespearean themes never cease to deliver a cacophony of chaos to the stage. Shakespeare’s Othello, however, carries a theme that ultimately leads to the demise of its secondary heroin, Emilia. Was Emilia’s feminism-forward outspokenness against Othello’s patriarchal society worth her paying the ultimate price? Yes. Emilia is the handmaiden to the wife of Othello, Desdemona, and the wife of the story’s antagonist, Iago. Emilia frequently

Ballast Water Management Issues

Question: Describe about the Ballast Water Management Issues ? Answer: Ballast water discharges through ships can affect negatively on the marine atmosphere. The ROPME sea area is principal receiver of ships ballast water. For the unique features of the ROPME Sea Area including intense hot summer, short cool winters, water temperature fluctuation, extensive air and relatively high salinity, elevated turbidity and little replacement of water with open sea. The RSA is a chief oil and gas production areas globally. A considerable quantity of oil is slipped in sea annually. Therefore, management and control of spread of unsafe marine species in ships ballast water. For this a set of actions including ballast water exchange exterior to the ROPME Sea Area is implemented by Second Regional Steering Committee Meeting, which was held in Kingdom of Bahrain on 4th and 5th November 2008 (Tamelander et al. 2010). They identified the ballast water management as the most suitable way for improving the local marine atmosphere. The Steering Committee decided that, Vesse ls appearing from the outside of ROPME Sea Area supposed to start ballast water replacement en route in water above 200 marine miles from closest territory as well as in water minimum 200 meters depth. However if for safety issues it cannot be possible, vessels would make minor difference to areas within 200 miles limit which could be recognized as discharge area, which is above 50 miles from nearest territory in water and minimum 200 meters depth (International Maritime Organization 2009). It this is not achieved, specific reasons would be provided by the ships to the respective authorities and the further necessities of ballast water management with Ballast Water Management Convention and other legislations. Reference List International Maritime Organization, 2009. Second Regional Steering Committee Meeting on Ballast Water Management Identification of ballast water exchange area outside the ROPME Sea Area. [online] Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/absas%20user/Downloads/notice%20140%20RSA%20BWM%20Regulation.pdf [Accessed 14 Jan. 2016]. Tamelander, J., Riddering, L., Haag, F., Matheickal, J., and No, G. M. S. 2010.Guidelines for development of a national ballast water management strategy. GloBallast Partnerships Project Coordination Unit, International Maritime Organization.

Project Guidance Format for M.B.A. Essay Example

Project Guidance Format for M.B.A. Essay A Project Report on â€Å" â€Å" At Company name Submitted to University of Pune In Partial Fulfilment of Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 201-/1— By Student Name [pic] [college name] DECLARATION I, the undersigned honestly declare that, this Project Report entitled â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬  is a genuine and bonafide project prepared by me in partial fulfilment of degree of Master of Business Administration of University of Pune. The Project work is original and the conclusions drawn herein are based on the data collected and analyzed by me. To best of my knowledge, the matter presented in this project has not been submitted and award of any degree, diploma or membership either to this or any other Institute or University. Place: Pune Date: (Sign Name student) â€Å"Certificate on company’s letterhead† CERTIFICATE This is to certify that (Name of the Student) a student of (Name of the college) perusing MBA under Pune University has successfully completed a project on (title of the project) in (name of the department) for the period of . weeks that is from (start date) to (end date) in partial fulfilment of requirements of Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Guidance Format for M.B.A. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Project Guidance Format for M.B.A. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Project Guidance Format for M.B.A. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We have found him /her to be dedicated and sincere. Signature (Name designation) Date: (Seal of the company) INDEX |Sr. No. |CONTENTS |Page No. | |1 |ACKNOWLEDGMENT | | |2 |LIST OF TABLES | | |3 |LIST OF FIGURES | | |4 CHAPTER I | | |5 |CHAPTER II | | |6 |CHAPTER III | | |7 |CHAPTER IV | | |8 |CHAPTER V | | |9 |BIBLIOGRAPHY | | |10 |ANNEXURE | | ACKNOWLEDGMENT I express great pleasure in introducing my project entitled â€Å"-â€Å"is a successful outcome of co-operation of many entities. This the platform , where I would like to express my gratitude to all those, who were directly or indirectly involved in completion of this study. I take this opportunity to express my most sincere and heartfelt gratitude to Mr- of company, for providing me a wonderful opportunity to execute this project in their esteemed organization and for patiently mentoring and guiding me throughout the project. This project not have been successful without the precious guidance of our Head of Department Prof. XYZ my project guide Mr. , with their support and. I express my sincere gratitude to them and all those who have helped me directly and indirectly. Sign (Name of student) LIST OF TABLES A PAGE FOR LIST OF TABLES For Example : Tables may be more or less depending upon the tables in each chapter |LIST OF TABLES | |Table No. |Title of the Table |Page No. | |Table No. 1. 1 | | | |Table No. 1. 2 | | | |Table No. 2. 1 | | | |Table No. 2. | | | |Table No. 3. 1 | | | |Table No. 3. 2 | | | |Table No. 4. 1 | | | |Table No. 4. 2 | | | |Table No. 5. | | | |Table No. 5. 2 | | | Chapter I Introduction This is the chapter of the project, which should cover the following points : 1. Basic Theoretical Concepts and Contexts of the Topic 2. Literature Review 3. Need for the study 4. Statement of the Problem 5. Objectives of the Project 6. Research Hypotheses 7. Scope of the Study The detail descriptions of these points are as under : 1. Basic Theoretical Concepts and Contexts of the Topic This point should cover the following : †¢ Basic concepts related to the topic The theoretical context of the concerned discipline of the problem should be specified. 2. Literature Review This point should cover the following : †¢ A Brief of overview of work already done in the area of the selected research topic †¢ Minimum ten projects /Articles should be reviewed †¢ Review write up should be scientific manner covering 1. Name of the author whose paper is under review 2. Title and objectives in summery form 3. Methodology adopted to study the objectives 4. summarizing the major findings 5. Highlighting researches gaps. †¢ Scientific style of foot not reference. 3. Need for the study This point should cover the following : Why this study †¢ Sources of key originating research questions(s) †¢ The selected problem in the theoretical context of the concerned discipline should be specified 4. Statement of the Problem This point should cover the following †¢ The problem to be investigated should be presented clearly and briefly †¢ Statement should emerge from the need for the study †¢ It should be object oriented †¢ It should be eye view of the project †¢ It sho uld be in inverted commas 5. Objectives of the Project The point should cover the following: †¢ The objectives of the project should be made in clear, specific and precise terms. The objective of the project should be put in serial points †¢ They should cover summary of the title of the research project they should be in minimum words. †¢ They should be in minimum words †¢ They should indicate scope of the study †¢ They should drive the research Project 6. Research Hypotheses The point should cover the following: †¢ A Hypothesis is a tentative generalization – the validity of which remains to be tested. †¢ Specify research hypotheses that you wish to investigate in this study. †¢ They should be clear, specific precise. †¢ They should state the relationship of variables. †¢ They should be simple †¢ They should be limited in scope. †¢ They should be testable statements. They should be in minimum number 7. Scope of the Study The point should cover the following: †¢ Specific mention should be made of the rational scope of the research problem of the project, such as: †¢ Geographical scope of the study. †¢ The topical scope of the study. †¢ The functional scope of the study Chapter II Profile of the Organization This is the second chapter of the project, which should envelop the following points : 2. 1 Current status of the company 2. 2 Future plans of the Organization 2. 3 Any other relevant information of the Organization The detail descriptions of these points are as under: 2. 1 Current status of the company The Point should cover the following: †¢ Current market position of company should be given. †¢ Current financial positions of company should be given †¢ Reasons for profit/loss should be discussed. †¢ Marketing strategies should be listed. 2. Future plans of the Organization The point should cover the following: †¢ Future plans of company if any should be specified 2. 3 Any other relevant information of the Organization. This point should cover the following: †¢ Any other relevant information regarding the company should be given. Chapter III Research Design and Methodology A good research design ensures against wasteful expenditure of time, money and energy. Thus chapter should contain information on the following points : 3. 1 Sampling Design 3. 2 Source and methods of Data collection 3. 3 Methods of data analysis and statistical Techniques 3. 4 Key concepts and definitions 3. 5 Limination of the Study The detail description of these points are as under : 3. 1 Sampling Design This point should cover the following: †¢ Define population with reference to project †¢ Sampling unit should be specified †¢ Sampling frame should be defined †¢ Sample size should be defined †¢ Sampling Procedure Statistically /Judgement should be defined †¢ Know the budgetary constraints. †¢ Understand sampling errors. An explanation of the determination of size and type of sample will also be necessary †¢ Proposals not requiring a sample selection should specify their strategy appropriately and describe the rationale. 3. 2 Source and methods of Data collection This point should cover the following : The different types of data that are proposed to be gathered and to be used should be specifically mentioned. Data collection methods may be as: †¢ Sources of Primary Data collection ? Observation, ? Field Observation ? Interview schedule, ? Questionnaire, ? Discussion, †¢ Sources of secondary data collection : ? Abstract database, ? Full text database, ? Online database, ? Unpublished database, The sources for each type of data and the tools and techniques that will be used for collecting different types of data should be specified. 3. 3 Methods of data analysis and statistical Techniques : The point should cover the following †¢ Different types of data analysis techniques used in the research project should be specifically mentioned. Such as: ? Basic analytical tools, which include Tabular Analysis, Graphical Analysis, Percentage Analysis, or Ratio Analysis etc. should be specified. ? Project students can use some advanced techniques in the project for data analysis which includes Regress ion Analysis, Multivariate Analyses, ANOVA etc. , Should be specified. 3. 4 Key concepts and definitions: This point should cover the following: If some special technical terms used in the research project, those terms should be defined clearly. 3. 6 Lamination of the Study This point should cover the following: †¢ Major limitations of the study should be specified. Chapter IV Data Presentation, Analysis and interpretation This chapter should contain information on the following points: 4. 1 Getting data ready for analysis 4. 2 Data analysis 4. 3 Interpretation of results 4. 4 Discussion on results derived 4. 5 Research Questions Answered The detail description of these points is as under: 4. 1 Getting data ready for analysis †¢ Editing data †¢ Handling blank responses †¢ Coding data †¢ Categorizing data Creating data file †¢ Programming 4. 2 Data analysis †¢ Present data in tabular forms : i. Frequency table ii. Response tables iii. Contingency ta bles iv. Unvaried tables v. Bivariate tables vi. Statistical tables vii. Time series tables †¢ All tables should have technical features, such as : i. Table Number ii. Title of the table iii. Captions ( columns Heading) iv. Stubs( Row heading) v. Table Body vi. Head Body vii. Foot Note †¢ Feel for the data (Optional) depending on type of data 1. Use Basic of statistics such as i. Frequencies ii. Mean iii. Standard Deviation iv. Coefficient of Variation v. Correlation vi. ANOVA ii. Etc. 2. Get the basic findings / inferences. 4. 1 Interpretation of results †¢ Feel what findings / results are †¢ Mean what findings say †¢ Read whink and present the inference 4. 2 Discussion on results derived : †¢ Link the objectives with results of the data †¢ Implications of findings †¢ Personal perspective of the students on derived results 4. 3 Research Questions Answered: †¢ Feel the research questions are answered †¢ Draw and Develop conclusions o r generalisations Chapter V Findings and Suggestions This chapter should cover the following : 1. Main Findings 2. Policy Suggestions 3. Scope for further research 1. Main Findings Findings are statements of factual information based upon the data analysis †¢ List all the major findings of the project serially †¢ Put the findings in sequence of the study 2. Policy Suggestions †¢ Policy Suggestions or Recommendations should flow from the findings †¢ They should be very rational and practical †¢ They should be specific †¢ They should be indicative 3. Scope for further research †¢ Project study should indicate scope for further research III) Terminal Items : This point should cover the following points : 1. Bibliography 2. Appendices †¢ Questionnaires or Interview Schedules †¢ Complex Tables †¢ Technical Note 3. Glossary terms 4. Index Bibliography : A bibliography is the listing of the work that is relevant to the main topic of the research interest arranged in the alphabetical order of the last names of the author (s). A reference list is a subset of the bibliography, which includes details of all the citation used in the literature survey and elsewhere in the report, arranged again, in the alphabetical order of the last names of the author(s). At least three modes of referencing are followed in the business research. These are based on the format provided in the publication manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), (2001), the Chicago Manual Style (1993), and the Turabian style (1996). Each of these style specifies with examples, how books, journals, newspapers, dissertations and other documentation materials are to be referenced in the manuscript. Since the APA format is followed for referencing by many journals in the management area, the monograph will highlight the distinctions in how books, journals, newspapers, dissertations and other documentation materials are referenced using APA format as specimen referencing format below : Book by single Author : 1. Benni, Basavaraj, S. , (2005) Dairy Cooperative Management and Practice, Rawat Publication, Jaipur Book by more than one author : 1. Krishnaswamy, K. N. , Appa, Iyer, Sivakumar, Mathirajan. M. , 2006), Management Research Methodology : Integration of Principles, Methods and Techniques, Pearson Education, New Delhi. More than one Book by the same author : 1. Roy, A. , (1998a) Chaos theory, McMillan Publishing Enterprise, New York. 2. Roy, A. , (1998b) Classic Chaos, McMillan Publishing Enterprise, New York. M ore than one Book by the same author : 1. Pennathur, A. , Leong, F. T. , Schuster, K (Eds), (1998), Style and substance of thinking, Paradise Publishers, New York. Chapter in the edited book : 1. Benni, Basavaraj, S. , (2007), Infrastructural Development and Regional Disparity – A Comparative District Level Analysis in Karnataka, in Dash L. N. (Ed ) Economics of Infrastructure, Regal Publication, New Delhi. Journal Article : 1. Benni, Basavaraj, S. , (2006), Sugar Factory Efficiency Measurement : Application of Data Envelopment Analysis – A New Insight for Managers, Paradigm, The Research Journal of Institute for Management and Technology, Vol. X, No. 2, July – December. Conference Proceedings Publication : 1. Benni, Basavaraj, S. , (2007), Status of Public Services in Karnataka – A Comparative District Level Analysis, in Shahu, A. , (Ed), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Services Management, Oxford Brookes University IIMT New Delhi . Doctoral Dissertation : 1. Benni, Basavaraj, S. (2001), Dairy Co-Operative Societies in Karnataka, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Karnatak University, Dharwad. Paper presentation at conference : 1. Benni, Basavaraj, S. , (2004, August 27th to 29th), Empowering Decision Making Capacity of Global Corporate Managers through Econometric Tools, paper presented a for â€Å"Best Research Paper Competition† in 16th Annual Management Education Convention, conducted by Association of Indian Management Schools, Goa. Government Publication : 1. Ministry of Law, Government of India, (1960), The Copyright Act, 14 of 1957, Delhi Unpublished Manuscript : 1. Pringle, P. S. , (1991), Training and Development in 90s, unpublished manuscript, Southern Illinos University, Diamondale, IL.